Learning Objectives

By the end of this session, participants will be able to:

• Understand the biological basis of open apex and immature teeth.
• Identify appropriate diagnostic and treatment planning considerations for open apex cases.
• Differentiate between apexification and regenerative endodontic treatment approaches.
• Evaluate the indications, advantages, and limitations of various treatment modalities.
• Select suitable materials and protocols for managing immature permanent teeth.
• Apply evidence-based decision-making to achieve predictable clinical outcomes.
• Recognize common challenges and complications associated with open apex management.
• Enhance confidence in treating complex endodontic cases in daily clinical practice.